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abdominal aorta
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(ab-dom'in-ul
ay-or�tah)
lower part of the descending aorta, from the aortic
hiatus of the diaphragm
to the bifurcation into the
common iliac arteries.
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aorta
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(ay-or�tah)
largest artery in the body; arises
out of the left ventricle
of the heart and courses
down the body trunk.
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aortic arch
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(ay-or�tik)
curved portion
of the aorta which
courses upward then turns downward behind the heart to form an arch.
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aortic bifurcation
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(ay-or�tik byi-fur-kay�shun)
distal end (ie furthest away from the heart) of the abdominal
aorta at which point the
artery divides into the two
common iliac arteries.
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aortic valve
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(ay-or�tik)
fibrous tissue
flaps or leaflets which open and close between the
left ventricle and
ascending aorta; valve
closure prevents backflow (reflux) of blood into the
heart.
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arteriole
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(ar-tee�ree-ol)
small
artery.
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artery
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(ar�ter-ee)
elastic,
extensible vessel that carries blood away from the
heart.
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atrioventricular valve
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(ay-tree-oh-ven-trik'yoo-lar)
one of two valves
through which blood flows from
atria to ventricles
of the heart; the
right atrioventricular valve is also known as the
tricuspid valve and the
left atrioventricular valve is also known as the
mitral valve.
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atrium
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(ay�tree-um)
one of the
two upper chambers of the heart
(right and left); plural: atria.
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bicuspid valve
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(by-kus�pid)
also called
the mitral valve.
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blood
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fluid which circulates
throughout the body carrying nutrients to cells and
removing waste from cells; arterial blood (with the
exception of the pulmonary
artery) contains a heavy concentration of
oxygen while venous blood (with the exception of the
pulmonary vein) contains
carbon dioxide in large amounts.
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blood capillary
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(ka-pil�er-ee)
a
microscopic vessel through which blood travels from
arteriole to venule; oxygen/carbon
dioxide exchange occurs across capillary walls.
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cardiac vein
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(kar'dee-ak)
part of the
great cardiac vein which lies in the coronary sulcus
and returns blood to the right
atrium via the coronary sinus.
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carotid arteries
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(ka-rot�id)
arteries (common,
external and internal)
which provide the major
blood supply to the head and neck.
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circulatory
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(to do with) movement around a
circular route.
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common iliac artery
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(il�ee-ak)
artery that carries the
major blood supply to each leg; splits into the
internal and external iliac arteries.
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coronary artery
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(kor'on-er-ee)
one of the
arteries encircling the
heart, which arise from
the aorta and deliver
blood to the muscle of the heart
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diastole
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(dy-ass'toh-lee)
relaxation
of the ventricles between
heart contractions.
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endocardium
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(end'oh-kar'dee-um)
inner
layer of the three layers of the heart - forms a lining to
the myocardium and is
continuous with the lining of the blood vessels; see
also pericardium.
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erythrocytes
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(e-rith'roh-sites)
red
blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to cells in the body
and return carbon dioxide; see also leucocytes.
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external iliac artery
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(il�ee-ak)
artery that starts at the
common iliac artery,
taking blood to the abdominal wall, external
genitalia and lower limbs.
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femoral vein
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(fem'er-ul)
vein in the thigh which
is a continuation of the
popliteal vein, becoming the external
iliac vein when it reaches the inguinal ligament.
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great vessels
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major circulatory vessels
connected to the heart:
the aorta, venae cavae, pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins.
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heart
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hollow, muscular organ which
pumps blood to all parts of the body.
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inferior vena cava
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(vee'ner kay'ver)
main
vein that brings blood
from the lower limbs and pelvic and abdominal viscera and enters the
right atrium of the heart.
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innominate artery
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(i-nom'in-ayt)
another name
for the subclavian artery
.
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internal iliac artery
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(il�ee-ak)
artery that is a
continuation of the common iliac
artery, taking blood to the wall and
viscera of the pelvis, buttock,
reproductive organs and medial aspect of the thigh.
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jugular vein
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(jug'yoo-lar)
three large
veins in the neck which
take blood from the head and neck to the interior of
the chest.
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leucocytes
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(loo'koh-sites)
white blood
cells whose main function is to fight infection; see
also erythrocytes.
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long saphenous (anterior) vein
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(sa-fee'nus)
vein in the leg extending
from the dorsum of the foot to just below the
inguinal ligament.
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lymph
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(limf)
pale fluid
consisting mainly of plasma
and white blood cells
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lymph circulatory system
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(limf)
a one-way drainage
system which assists in distributing nutrients to
cells and returns waste fluids from tissues to the
bloodstream.
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lymph nodes
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(limf nohdz)
small bodies
of lymphoid tissue arranged in chains to filter
lymph and provide an
immune response.
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lymph vessels
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(limf)
network of channels
throughout the body which return tissue fluids to
the blood via the subclavian veins.
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lymphatics
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(lim-fat'iks)
lymph
vessels.
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lymphocyte
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(lim�fo-site)
a
particular type of white blood
cell which is formed in the reticular
(net-like) tissue of lymph
glands.
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mitral valve
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(my�tral)
two-leafed heart valve between the
left atrium and ventricle of the heart; closure prevents
reflux of blood into the left
atrium. Also called the bicuspid valve or left
atrioventricular valve.
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myocardium
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(my'oh-kar'dee-um)
middle
layer of the three layers of the heart, composed of cardiac
muscle which is only found in the heart; see also
endocardium and pericardium.
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oxygenated
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(ok�si-jen-ay-ted)
carrying oxygen.
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pericardium
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(per'ee-kar'dee-um)
outermost layer of the three
layers of the heart - the
fibroserous sac enclosing the heart; see also endocardium and myocardium.
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plasma
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(plaz�mah)
the fluid
portion of blood in which cells are suspended.
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platelets
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thrombocytes which
initiate the clotting mechanism.
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popliteal (posterior) vein
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(pop-lit'ee-ul)
vein behind the knee
formed by the union of the anterior and posterior
tibial veins, becoming the
femoral vein at the adductor hiatus
muscle.
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portal circulation
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(por'tul)
the part of the
circulatory system in which, instead of returning
directly to the heart,
venous blood passes from the capillary bed of the
abdominal part of the digestive system and the spleen via the capillary
bed of the liver.
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pulmonary artery
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(pul�moh-ner-ee)
artery which carries
venous blood from the right
ventricle of the
heart to the lungs
for oxygenation.
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pulmonary circulation
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(pul�moh-ner-ee)
the
circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left
atrium.
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pulmonary valve
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(pul�moh-ner-ee)
the valve at the entrance of
the pulmonary artery from
the right ventricle.
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pulmonary vein
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(pul�moh-ner-ee)
vein that returns
oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium of the heart.
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red blood cells
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cells that carry oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the lungs
and all body cells; also known as erythrocytes.
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septum
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(sept'um)
heart muscle which
separates the right and left sides of the heart.
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spleen
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(splee-n)
a large lymphoid
organ located in the left upper
abdomen behind the
stomach; plays a role in lymphocyte production and
in the destruction and possibly the storage of red blood cells.
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subclavian artery
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(sub-klay�vee-an)
large
vessel which branches off the
aortic arch on the left and the
brachiocephalic trunk on the right to supply blood
to areas of the trunk, head and upper extremities;
also known as the innominate
artery.
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superior vena cava
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(vee'ner kay'ver)
main
vein that drains blood
from the head, neck, upper limbs and thorax and
enters the right atrium
of the heart.
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systemic circulation
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(sis-tem�ik)
the
circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart via the aorta to all parts of the
body and back to the right
atrium via the venae
cavae.
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systole
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(sis'toh-lee)
the
contraction stage of the cardiac cycle.
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thrombocytes
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(throm'boh-sites)
blood
platelets which initiate
the clotting mechanism.
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thymus gland
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(thy�mus)
located in the
upper thorax and neck, the thymus helps to fight
infection by assisting in the maturation of lymphocytes.
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tibial artery
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(tib'ee-ul)
artery of the lower leg
originating from the the popliteal and taking blood
to the leg, ankle and foot.
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tricuspid valve
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(tri-kus�pid)
valve with three fibrous
tissue leaflets which open and close between the
right atrium and ventricle of the heart (right atrioventricular valve);
closure prevents reflux of blood into the right
atrium.
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valve
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membranous fold in a vessel
which prevents the backward flow of blood.
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vascular
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(vas�kyoo-lar)
pertaining
to vessels.
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vein
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vessel which carries blood
towards the heart.
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vena cava
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(vee�ner kay�ver)
either
of the two large veins,
inferior and superior, which return venous blood to
the right atrium of the
heart; plural: venae
cavae.
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ventricle
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(ven�trik-ul)
a cardiac
ventricle is one of the two (right and left) lower
chambers of the heart.
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venule
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(ven'yool)
small vein.
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white blood cells
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leucocytes whose main
function is to fight infection; see also erythrocytes.
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