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abdomen
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(ab'doh-men)
the part of
the body cavity below the chest.
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acetabulum
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(ass-i-tab'yoo-lum)
the cup
shaped socket on the pelvis
which holds the head of the femur.
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Achilles tendon
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(a-kill'eez)
the powerful
tendon at the back of the heel which attaches the
triceps surae muscle to the
calcaneus.
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amphiarthrosis
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(am-fee-arth-roh'sis)
a
cartilaginous joint.
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articular cartilage
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(ar-tik�yoo-lar kar�ti-lij)
dense connective tissue which covers the
articular surfaces of bones (ie the surfaces at
which they are in contact or 'articulate' with each
other).
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articulation
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(ar-tik-yoo-lay�shun)
junction of two or more bones; a joint; the point at which
one bone 'articulates' with another.
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ball and socket joints
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joints that allow
movement in all directions, i.e. flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction.
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biceps brachii
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(by'seps
bray'kee-eye)
muscle of the upper arm which
supinates the forearm and flexes the elbow and
shoulder.
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biceps femoris
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(by'seps fem'or-iss)
muscle
at the back of the thigh that flexes and rotates the
leg laterally and extends the thigh.
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bone
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dense connective tissue
forming the skeleton; long bones consist of a diaphysis (compact bone with a central
medullary canal) and two
epiphyses (compact bone
with cancellous bone
inside) whereas others (short, irregular, flat and
sesamoid) have a thin outer layer of compact bone
with cancellous bone inside.
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bone marrow
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substance contained in the
medullary canal of long
bones and in the cancellous
tissue of all bone types.
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brachioradialis
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(brak'ee-o-rad-ee-ah'lis)
muscle of the forearm
which flexes the forearm.
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calcaneal tendon
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(kal-kay'nee-al)
Achilles tendon.
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calcaneus
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(kal-kay'nee-uss)
heel
bone.
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cancellous bone
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(kan-sel�us, kan�se-lus)
spongy, lightweight, porous bone.
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cardiac muscle
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(kar'dee-ak)
involuntary muscle found
exclusively in the heart.
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carpal bones
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(kar'pul)
eight small bones
that form the wrist.
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cartilage
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(kar�til-aj)
tough
connective tissue which serves as protection between
bones; it may also serve as attachment or support.
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cartilaginous joint
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(kar-til-aj'in-us)
a joint allowing a limited
degree of movement; also known as an amphiarthrosis.
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cervical vertebrae
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(sur'vik-ul
vur'tub-ray)
the seven bones of the neck; closest
vertebrae to the skull.
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clavicle
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(klav'ee-kul)
collar bone;
articulates with the sternum
and scapula.
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coccyx
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(kok'siks)
lower end of the
spinal column, consisting of four fused vertebral
bones.
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compact bone
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(kom-pakt)
hard, dense,
less porous bone.
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condyloid joints
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(kon'di-loyd)
joints that allow
movement around two axes, i.e.
flexion, extension
, abduction, adduction and circumduction.
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cranium
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(kray�nee-um)
skull bones
which protect the brain.
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cruciate ligaments
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(croo'see-ayt)
two strong
ligaments crossing one
another in the shape of the letter X in the interior
of the kneejoint.
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deltoid
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(del'toyd)
muscle of the
upper arm which abducts, flexes or extends the arm.
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diaphysis
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(dy-af'i-sis)
shaft of a
long bone; plural: diaphyses.
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diarthrosis
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(dy-arth-roh'sis)
a synovial joint.
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epiphysis
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(e-pif�i-sis)
end of a
long bone; plural: epiphyses.
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femur
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(fee�mur)
long bone of
the thigh which extends from hip to knee.
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fibrous joint
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(fy'brus)
an immovable
joint in which the bones
are joined by fibrous tissue; also known as a fixed
joint or synarthrosis.
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fibula
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(fib'yoo-lah)
long, slender
outer bone of the lower leg which articulates with
the tibia just below the
knee and the talus bone of the ankle.
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gastrocnemius
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(gas-trok-nee'me-uss)
muscle forming the greater
part of the calf which plantar flexes the foot (so
that the foot points downwards) and flexes the
kneejoint.
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gliding joints
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articular surfaces which glide
over each other.
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gluteus maximus
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(gloo'tee-uss
mak'si-mus)
the buttock; the muscle that extends,
abducts and rotates the thigh laterally.
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greater trochanter
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(troh-kant'er)
bony
prominence on the outer side of the upper end of the
femur.
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groin
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(groyn)
the junction
between the abdomen and
either thigh.
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hinge joints
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joints that allow
movement in one plane only, i.e. flexion and extension.
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humerus
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(hew'mur-uss)
long bone of
the upper arm which extends from shoulder to elbow.
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ilium
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(ill'ee-um)
the uppermost
of the three bones fused together in the acetabulum to form the
pelvis.
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infraspinatus
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(in'fra-spin'at-uss)
muscle
of the upper back which rotates the arm laterally.
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inguinal ligament
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(ing'win-ul)
a ligament in
the groin that extends
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic
tubercle.
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insertion
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(in-sur'shun)
point of
attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves;
see also origin.
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involuntary muscle
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a muscle not subject to
control by conscious will; see also voluntary muscle.
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ischium
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(iss'kee-um)
thick
three-sided bone behind and below the acetabulum, consisting of
the body, inferior ramus and superior ramus.
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joint
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the point at which two or more
bones are joined; also known as an articulation.
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joint capsule
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fibrous sheath enclosing a
synovial joint.
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joint muscles
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skeletal muscles which cause
parts of the body to move.
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kneecap
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a lens-shaped bone at the
front of the knee; also known as the patella.
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lesser trochanter
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(troh-kant'er)
small bony
prominence on the inner side of the upper end of the
femur.
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ligament
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(lig�a-munt)
band of
fibrous tissue connecting two bones at a joint.
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locomotion
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(loh-koh-moh�shun)
act of
moving from one place to another.
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lumbar vertebrae
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(lum'bur vur'tub-ray)
five
bones of the vertebral column
, between the thoracic
vertebrae and the
sacrum.
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mandible
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(man'dib-ul)
the lower
jawbone which bears the lower teeth - only bone in
the skull which can move freely.
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maxilla
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(maks-ill'er)
the upper
jawbone which bears the upper teeth.
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medullary canal
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(med�ul-lar-ee)
hollow in
the centre of a long bone; contains bone marrow.
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metacarpals
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(met'a-kar'puls)
five long
bones making up the palm of the hand, which extend
from the carpal bones of
the wrist to the phalanges
of the fingers.
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metaphysis
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(me-taf'i-sis)
the
actively growing part of the
diaphysis.
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metatarsals
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(met'a-tar'suls)
five bones
of the foot, extending from the
tarsal bones at the ankle to the phalanges of the toes.
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muscle
|
(mus'sul)
tissue composed
of fibres which have the ability to contract or
shorten.
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musculoskeletal system
|
(mus-kyoo-lo-skel�ee-tal)
the structures which function to support the body,
protect internal organs, and allow locomotion.
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origin
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point of attachment of a
muscle to a bone that remains relatively fixed
during contraction of the muscle; see also insertion.
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patella
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(pat-ell'er)
the kneecap.
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patellar tendon
|
(pat-el�lah)
strong cord
of fibrous tissue which connects the rectus femoris muscle to
the kneecap.
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pectoralis major
|
(pek'tor-ar'lis
may'jer)
muscle of the chest and upper arm which
adducts, flexes and rotates the arm medially.
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pelvis
|
(pel�vis)
bony structure
surrounding the pelvic cavity.
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periosteum
|
(per-ee-os�tee-um)
double
layer of connective tissue which covers bone except
at joints; inner layer
can form new bone cells.
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phalanges
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(fa-lan'jeez)
14 long bones
of each hand and foot; three in each finger and toe,
except the great toe and thumb, which only have two.
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pivot joints
|
joints that allow
movement around one axis only, i.e. rotation only.
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pubis
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(pyoo'bis)
the bone that
forms the front part of the
pelvis.
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radius
|
(ray'dee-uss)
the outer,
shorter bone of the forearm between the elbow and
wrist; see also ulna.
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rectus femoris
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(rek�tus fem�o-ris)
major
muscle of the front of the thigh which extends the
leg and flexes the thigh.
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ribs
|
12 pairs of thin, narrow,
curved bones which form a protective cage around the
thoracic cavity.
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sacrum
|
(say'krum)
broad, flat,
triangular-shaped plate of bone formed by five fused
vertebrae; the sacrum is
located between the pelvic bones with the lumbar
vertebrae above and the
coccyx below.
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scapula
|
(skap'yoo-lah)
large flat
triangular bone; also called the shoulder blade.
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semilunar cartilages
|
(sem'ee-loo'ner)
two
crescent shaped cartilages
in the kneejoint.
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skeletal muscle
|
(skel'it-ul)
striated muscle which is
attached to bone.
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skeleton
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bony framework of the body.
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smooth muscle
|
voluntary muscle tissue
which lacks cross-striations on microscopic exam;
found in areas such as the gastrointestinal tract,
respiratory tract and uterus
.
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spine
|
the spinal column or vertebral column.
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sternum
|
(stir�num)
the breastbone.
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striated muscle
|
(stree�ay-ted)
any muscle
whose fibres are divided into cross striations;
responsible for the movement of bones; also known as
voluntary muscle.
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synarthrosis
|
(sin-arth-roh'sis)
a fibrous joint.
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synovial fluid
|
(sy-no'vee-al)
thick,
colourless fluid that surrounds and lubricates a
synovial joint.
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synovial joint
|
(sy-no'vee-al)
a freely
movable joint - the ends
of the bones forming the joint are covered with thin
layers of cartilage and
the bones are linked by ligament
lined with synovial
membrane; also known as a diarthrosis.
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synovial membrane
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(sy-no'vee-al)
lining of
the joint capsule which
secretes lubricating synovial
fluid.
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tarsals
|
(tar'suls)
seven bones
which form the ankle.
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tendon
|
(ten�dun)
fibrous tissue
structure which serves to connect muscle to bone and
other parts.
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thoracic vertebrae
|
(thor-ass'ik
vur'tub-ray)
twelve bones of the vertebral column, between
the cervical vertebrae
and lumbar vertebrae.
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tibia
|
(tib'ee-yah)
long, larger
medial bone of the lower leg, extending between the
knee and ankle - also known as the shin; see also
fibula.
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tibialis anterior
|
(tib-ee-ah'lis
an-teer'ee-or)
muscle of the lower leg which
dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
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trapezius
|
(tra-peez'ee-uss)
muscle
which elevates the shoulder.
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triceps brachii
|
(try'seps
bray'kee-eye)
muscle of the upper arm which
adducts the arm and extends the forearm.
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ulna
|
(ull'nah)
the inner and
longer bone of the forearm between the elbow and
wrist; see also radius.
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vertebrae
|
(vurt-ub-ray')
33
irregularly-shaped bones that make up the spinal
column or vertebral column
.
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vertebral column
|
(vurt'ub-rul)
spinal
column, made up of 33 bones: 7
cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 fused
to make the sacrum and 4
fused to make the coccyx.
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voluntary muscle
|
muscle under control of the
conscious will; see also
involuntary muscle.
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xiphoid cartilage
|
(zy�foyd)
lower tip of
the sternum; composed of
cartilage.
|
