The female sex glands are called the ovaries. There are two ovaries, situated in the lower abdomen, either side of the uterus.

The ovaries release hormones that are essential to the normal cyclic changes of menstruation, and preparation of the uterine lining for pregnancy.

One hormone produced by the ovaries is called oestrogen. Oestrogen is a hormone that:

• promotes the growth and function of the female sex organs
• controls the development of female characteristics, such as breast development.

The hormone progesterone is also produced in the ovaries. It prepares the womb for pregnancy during the menstrual cycle.